2013년 10월 15일 화요일

Heron's Formula 증명

Theorem
Let ABC be a triangle with sides a , b and c opposite vertices A , B and C respectively.

Then the area A of ABC is given by:
A=s(sa)(sb)(sc)
where s=a+b+c 2 is the semiperimeter of ABC .


Proof 1

Construct the altitude from A .
Let the length of the altitude be h and the foot of the altitude be D .
Let the distance from D to B be z .
Heron's Formula.png
From Pythagoras's Theorem:
(1):h 2 +(az) 2 =b 2
and:
(2):h 2 +z 2 =c 2
By subtracting (1) from (2) :
2aza 2 =c 2 b 2
which can be expressed in terms of z as:
z=a 2 +c 2 b 2 2a
Substituting for z in (2) and simplifying yields:
h=c 2 (a 2 +c 2 b 2 2a ) 2
and so:
Q = 1 2 ac 2 (a 2 +c 2 b 2 2a ) 2 Area of Triangle in Terms of Side and Altitude
= 4c 2 a 2 (a 2 +c 2 b 2 ) 2 16
= (2aca 2 c 2 +b 2 )(2ac+a 2 +c 2 b 2 ) 16 Difference of Two Squares
= (b 2 (ac) 2 )((a+c) 2 b 2 ) 16
= (ba+c)(b+ac)(a+cb)(a+b+c) 16 Difference of Two Squares
= (a+b+c)(a+bc)(ab+c)(a+b+c) 16
= (a+b+c 2 )(a+b+c 2 c)(a+b+c 2 b)(a+b+c 2 a)
= s(sc)(sb)(sa) Definition of semiperimeter



Proof 2

A triangle can be considered as a cyclic quadrilateral one of whose sides has degenerated to zero.
From Brahmagupta's Formula, the perimeter of a cyclic quadrilateral is given by:
(sa)(sb)(sc)(sd)
where s is the semiperimeter:
s=a+b+c+d 2
The result follows by letting d tend to zero.
proofwiki

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