수학자는 노벨상을 받을 수 없는 걸까요?
아닙니다. 노벨상은 받을 수 없지만, 수학자에게 주어지는 더 귀한 상이 있습니다. 그 상을 우리는 필드상(Fields Medal)이라고 부릅니다.
필드(John Charles Fields; 1863-1932)는 캐나다의 수학자였습니다. 이 사람은 토론토(Toronto)대학에서 수학교수로 일생을 보냈습니다. 수학분야에서도 노벨상에 버금가는 상을 제정하겠다는 것이 이 사람의 평생 소원이었습니다.
국제 수학자 대회에서는 이 상의 이름을 '필드상'이라고 결정했습니다.
세계의 수학자로서는 최고의 영예인 필드상은 4년에 한 번 세계의 수학자가 한 자리에 모여 최근의 연구성과를 서로 발표하는 국제 수학자 회의의 개회식에서 수요되는 것이 관습으로 되어 있습 니다. 그러므로 4년에 겨우 한 번을 받을 수 있는 것입니다.
게다가 이 상은 나이가 40이 넘으면 받을 수 없습니다. 이 상을 주기로 결정했을 때, 나이가 40이하인 사람에 한해서 주기로 결정했기 때문입니다. 이것은 아마도 수학의 천재적인 소질이 싹트는 것은 15세 전후라고 하는 말이 있기 때문일 것입니다. 나이가 많이 들면 받을 수 없고, 4년에 한번 밖에는 받을 수 없는 상이기 때문에 이 필드상은 노벨상 보다 더욱더 명예롭고, 소중한 상일 것입니다.
Fields Medal "Nobel Prize of Mathematics
The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians not over 40 years of age at each International Congress of the International Mathematical Union, a meeting that takes place every four years. The Fields Medal is widely viewed as the top honor a mathematician can receive.[1][2] It comes with a monetary award, which in 2006 was C$15,000 (US$13,400 or ?10,550).[3] Founded at the behest of Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields, the medal was first awarded in 1936 and has been regularly awarded since 1950. Its purpose is to give recognition and support to younger mathematical researchers who have made major contributions.
Conditions of the award
The Fields Medal is often described as the "Nobel Prize of Mathematics," a reference to its prestige[4]. The comparison is not entirely accurate because the Fields Medal is onl y awarded every four years. The Medal also has an age limit: a recipient's 40th birthday must not occur before January 1 of the year in which the Fields Medal is awarded. This rule is based on Fields' desire that
… while it was in recognition of work already done, it was at the same time intended to be an encouragement for further achievement on the part of the recipients and a stimulus to renewed effort on the part of others.
The monetary award is much lower than the roughly US$1.3 million given with each Nobel prize. Finally, Fields Medals have generally been awarded for a body of work, rather than for a particular result; and instead of a direct citation there is a speech of congratulation.
Other major awards in mathematics, such as the Wolf Prize in Mathematics and the Abel Prize, recognise lifetime achievement, again making them different in kind from the Nobels, although the Abel has a large monetary prize like a Nobel. The Fields Medal has the prestige of the selection by the IMU, which represents the world mathematical community.
Fields Medalists
2006: Andrei Okounkov (Russia), Grigori Perelman (Russia) (declined), Terence Tao (Australia), Wendelin Werner (France)
2002: Laurent Lafforgue (France), Vladimir Voevodsky (Russia)
1998: Richard Ewen Borcherds (UK), William Timothy Gowers (UK), Maxim Kontsevich (Russia), Curtis T. McMullen (U.S.)
1994: Efim Isakovich Zelmanov (Russia), Pierre-Louis Lions (France), Jean Bourgain (Belgium), Jean-Christophe Yoccoz (France)
1990: Vladimir Drinfeld (USSR), Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones (New Zealand), Shigefumi Mori (Japan), Edward Witten (U.S.)
1986: Simon Donaldson (UK), Gerd Faltings (West Germany), Michael Freedman (U.S.)
1982: Alain Connes (France), William Thurston (U.S.), Shing-Tung Yau (China/U.S.)
1978: Pierre Deligne (Belgium), Charles Fefferman (U.S.), Grigory Margulis (USSR), Daniel Quillen (U.S.)
1974: Enrico Bombieri (Italy), David Mumford (U.S.)
1970: Alan Baker (UK), Heisuke Hironaka (Japan), Sergei Petrovich Novikov (USSR), John Griggs Thompson (U.S.)
1966: Michael Atiyah (UK), Paul Joseph Cohen (U.S.), Alexander Grothendieck (France), Stephen Smale (U.S.)
1962: Lars H?rmander (Sweden), John Milnor (U.S.)
1958: Klaus Roth (UK), Ren? Thom (France)
1954: Kunihiko Kodaira (Japan), Jean-Pierre Serre (France)
1950: Laurent Schwartz (France), Atle Selberg (Norway)
1936: Lars Ahlfors (Finland), Jesse Douglas (U.S.)
The medal
Realised by Canadian sculptor Robert Tait McKenzie.
In the front, we can see Archimedes and some inscriptions.
In the back, we can see the inscription (in Latin):
“ CONGREGATI
EX TOTO ORBE
MATHEMATICI
OB SCRIPTA INSIGNIA
TRIBUERE
”
Translation: "The mathematicians having congregated from the whole world awarded because of outstanding writings."
In the background, there is the representation of Archimedes' tomb, with the carving of his theorem on the Sphere and the Cylinder (a sphere and a circumscribed cylinder of the same height and diameter, the result of which he was most proud) behind a branch.
In popular culture
In the film Good Will Hunting, fictional MIT professor Gerald Lambeau (played by Stellan Skarsg?rd) is described as having been awarded a Fields Medal for his work in combinatorial mathematics.
In the film A Beautiful Mind, John Forbes Nash (played by Russell Crowe) complains about not winning the Fields Medal.
In the television series Yamato Nadeshiko, the male lead is a Fields Medalist who has abandoned his academic career to take over the family fish-shop.
In the television series EUReKA, Nathan Stark (played by Ed Quinn) reveals in the episode Dr. Nobel had won the Fields Medal.
On the news show The Colbert Report, Stephen Colbert demanded a Fields Medal for his work in doughnut mathematics when the 2006 recipient did not claim the medal immediately. Colbert proved that "three doughnuts, minus one doughnut (takes a bite) equals two doughnuts. PRIZE PLEASE!"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The International Mathematical Union grants three Prizes:
Fields Medal Rolf Nevanlinna Prize Carl Friedrich Gauss Prize for Applications of Mathematics
IMU Prizes are awarded every four years at the Opening Ceremony of the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM). The Fields Medal recognizes outstanding mathematical achievement. The Rolf Nevanlinna Prize honors distinguished achievements in mathematical aspects of information science. The Carl Friedrich Gauss Prize is awarded for outstanding mathematical contributions that have found significant applications outside of mathematics.
The Fields Medal was first awarded in 1936, the Rolf Nevanlinna Prize in 1982. The Carl Friedrich Gauss Prize will be awarded for the first time in 2006.
About two years in advance of an award the IMU Executive Committee appoints a Selection Committee along the lines of the Prize Statutes and the IMU By-Laws.
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The Abel Prize
The Abel Prize is awarded by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
The Ramanujan Prize
A new Prize for young mathematicians from developing countries has been created in the name of Srinivasa Ramanujan by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), in cooperation with IMU, who nominate members of the Prize Committee. The Prize money is donated by the Niels Henrik Abel Memorial Fund
The Prize will be awarded annually to a researcher from a developing country less than 45 years of age at the time of the award, who has conducted outstanding research in a developing country.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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