2021년 12월 13일 월요일

2021 Fall AMC 10B 문제

 


Problem 1

What is the value of $1234+2341+3412+4123?$

$(\textbf{A})\: 10{,}000\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 10{,}010\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 10{,}110\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 11{,}000\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 11{,}110$

Solution

Problem 2

What is the area of the shaded figure shown below?[asy] size(200); defaultpen(linewidth(0.4)+fontsize(12)); pen s = linewidth(0.8)+fontsize(8); pair O,X,Y; O = origin; X = (6,0); Y = (0,5); fill((1,0)--(3,5)--(5,0)--(3,2)--cycle, palegray+opacity(0.2)); for (int i=1; i<7; ++i) { draw((i,0)--(i,5), gray+dashed); label("${"+string(i)+"}$", (i,0), 2*S); if (i<6) { draw((0,i)--(6,i), gray+dashed); label("${"+string(i)+"}$", (0,i), 2*W); } } label("$0$", O, 2*SW); draw(O--X+(0.15,0), EndArrow); draw(O--Y+(0,0.15), EndArrow); draw((1,0)--(3,5)--(5,0)--(3,2)--(1,0), black+1.5); [/asy]

$(\textbf{A})\: 4\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 6\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 8\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 10\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 12$

Solution

Problem 3

The expression $\frac{2021}{2020} - \frac{2020}{2021}$ is equal to the fraction $\frac{p}{q}$ in which $p$ and $q$ are positive integers whose greatest common divisor is ${ }1$. What is $p?$

$(\textbf{A})\: 1\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 9\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 2020\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 2021\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 4041$

Solution

Problem 4

At noon on a certain day, Minneapolis is $N$ degrees warmer than St. Louis. At $4{:}00$ the temperature in Minneapolis has fallen by $5$ degrees while the temperature in St. Louis has risen by $3$ degrees, at which time the temperatures in the two cities differ by $2$ degrees. What is the product of all possible values of $N?$

$(\textbf{A})\: 10\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 30\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 60\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 100\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 120$

Solution

Problem 5

Let $n=8^{2022}$. Which of the following is equal to $\frac{n}{4}?$

$(\textbf{A})\: 4^{1010}\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 2^{2022}\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 8^{2018}\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 4^{3031}\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 4^{3032}$

Solution

Problem 6

The least positive integer with exactly $2021$ distinct positive divisors can be written in the form $m \cdot 6^k$, where $m$ and $k$ are integers and $6$ is not a divisor of $m$. What is $m+k?$

$(\textbf{A})\: 47\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 58\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 59\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 88\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 90$

Solution

Problem 7

Call a fraction $\frac{a}{b}$, not necessarily in the simplest form special if $a$ and $b$ are positive integers whose sum is $15$. How many distinct integers can be written as the sum of two, not necessarily different, special fractions?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 9 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 10 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 11 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 12 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 13$

Solution

Problem 8

The largest prime factor of $16384$ is $2$ because $16384 = 2^{14}$. What is the sum of the digits of the greatest prime number that is a divisor of $16383$?

$\textbf{(A)} \: 3\qquad\textbf{(B)} \: 7\qquad\textbf{(C)} \: 10\qquad\textbf{(D)} \: 16\qquad\textbf{(E)} \: 22$

Solution

Problem 9

The knights in a certain kingdom come in two colors. $\frac{2}{7}$ of them are red, and the rest are blue. Furthermore, $\frac{1}{6}$ of the knights are magical, and the fraction of red knights who are magical is $2$ times the fraction of blue knights who are magical. What fraction of red knights are magical?

$\textbf{(A) }\frac{2}{9}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\frac{3}{13}\qquad\textbf{(C) }\frac{7}{27}\qquad\textbf{(D) }\frac{2}{7}\qquad\textbf{(E) }\frac{1}{3}$

Solution

Problem 10

Forty slips of paper numbered $1$ to $40$ are placed in a hat. Alice and Bob each draw one number from the hat without replacement, keeping their numbers hidden from each other. Alice says, "I can't tell who has the larger number." Then Bob says, "I know who has the larger number." Alice says, "You do? Is your number prime?" Bob replies, "Yes." Alice says, "In that case, if I multiply your number by $100$ and add my number, the result is a perfect square. " What is the sum of the two numbers drawn from the hat?

$\textbf{(A) }27\qquad\textbf{(B) }37\qquad\textbf{(C) }47\qquad\textbf{(D) }57\qquad\textbf{(E) }67$

Solution

Problem 11

A regular hexagon of side length $1{ }$ is inscribed in a circle. Each minor arc of the circle determined by a side of the hexagon is reflected over that side. What is the area of the region bounded by these $6$ reflected arcs?

$(\textbf{A})\: \frac{5\sqrt{3}}{2} - \pi\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 3\sqrt{3}-\pi\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 4\sqrt{3}-\frac{3\pi}{2}\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: \pi - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: \frac{\pi + \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Solution

Problem 12

Which of the following conditions is sufficient to guarantee that integers $x$, $y$, and $z$ satisfy the equation\[x(x-y)+y(y-z)+z(z-x) = 1?\]

$\textbf{(A)} \: x>y$ and $y=z$

$\textbf{(B)} \: x=y-1$ and $y=z-1$

$\textbf{(C)} \: x=z+1$ and $y=x+1$

$\textbf{(D)} \: x=z$ and $y-1=x$

$\textbf{(E)} \: x+y+z=1$

Solution

Problem 13

A square with side length $3$ is inscribed in an isosceles triangle with one side of the square along the base of the triangle. A square with side length $2$ has two vertices on the other square and the other two on sides of the triangle, as shown. What is the area of the triangle?

[asy] import olympiad; pair A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K; A = origin; B = (0.25,0); C=(1.25,0); D=(1.5,0); E = (0.25,1); F=(0.4166666667,1); G=(1.08333333333,1); H=(1.25,1); I=(0.4166666667,1.66666666667); J=(1.08333333333,1.666666666667); K=(0.75,3); draw(A--D--K--cycle); draw(B--E); draw(C--H); draw(F--I); draw(G--J); draw(I--J); draw(E--H); [/asy]


$(\textbf{A})\: 19\frac14\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 20\frac14\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 21 \frac34\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 22\frac12\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 23\frac34$

Solution

Problem 14

Una rolls $6$ standard $6$-sided dice simultaneously and calculates the product of the $6{ }$ numbers obtained. What is the probability that the product is divisible by $4?$

$\textbf{(A)}\: \frac34\qquad\textbf{(B)} \: \frac{57}{64}\qquad\textbf{(C)} \: \frac{59}{64}\qquad\textbf{(D)} \: \frac{187}{192}\qquad\textbf{(E)} \: \frac{63}{64}$

Solution

Problem 15

In square $ABCD$, points $P$ and $Q$ lie on $\overline{AD}$ and $\overline{AB}$, respectively. Segments $\overline{BP}$ and $\overline{CQ}$ intersect at right angles at $R$, with $BR=6$ and $PR=7$. What is the area of the square?

[asy] size(170); defaultpen(linewidth(0.6)+fontsize(10)); real r = 3.5; pair A = origin, B = (5,0), C = (5,5), D = (0,5), P = (0,r), Q = (5-r,0), R = intersectionpoint(B--P,C--Q); draw(A--B--C--D--A^^B--P^^C--Q^^rightanglemark(P,R,C,7)); dot("$A$",A,S); dot("$B$",B,S); dot("$C$",C,N); dot("$D$",D,N); dot("$Q$",Q,S); dot("$P$",P,W); dot("$R$",R,1.3*S); label("$7$",(P+R)/2,NE); label("$6$",(R+B)/2,NE); [/asy]


$(\textbf{A})\: 85\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 93\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 100\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 117\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 125$

Solution

Problem 16

Five balls are arranged around a circle. Chris chooses two adjacent balls at random and interchanges them. Then Silva does the same, with her choice of adjacent balls to interchange being independent of Chris's. What is the expected number of balls that occupy their original positions after these two successive transpositions?

$(\textbf{A})\: 1.6\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 1.8\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 2.0\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 2.2\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 2.4$

Solution

Problem 17

Distinct lines $\ell$ and $m$ lie in the $xy$-plane. They intersect at the origin. Point $P(-1, 4)$ is reflected about line $\ell$ to point $P'$, and then $P'$ is reflected about line $m$ to point $P''$. The equation of line $\ell$ is $5x - y = 0$, and the coordinates of $P''$ are $(4,1)$. What is the equation of line $m?$

$(\textbf{A})\: 5x+2y=0\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 3x+2y=0\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: x-3y=0$ $(\textbf{D}) \: 2x-3y=0\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 5x-3y=0$

Solution

Problem 18

Three identical square sheets of paper each with side length $6{ }$ are stacked on top of each other. The middle sheet is rotated clockwise $30^\circ$ about its center and the top sheet is rotated clockwise $60^\circ$ about its center, resulting in the $24$-sided polygon shown in the figure below. The area of this polygon can be expressed in the form $a-b\sqrt{c}$, where $a$, $b$, and $c$ are positive integers, and $c$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is $a+b+c?$

[asy] size(10cm,0); path p = box((0,0), (1,1)); draw(p, black + linewidth(2.0pt)); draw(rotate(30,(1/2,1/2))*p,black + linewidth(2.0pt)); draw(rotate(60,(1/2,1/2))*p,black + linewidth(2.0pt)); draw((0.2113248,1)--(0.7886752,1),white + linewidth(2.0pt)); draw((0.2113248,0)--(0.7886752,0),white + linewidth(2.0pt)); draw((1,0.2113248)--(1,0.7886752),white + linewidth(2.0pt)); draw((0,0.2113248)--(0,0.7886752),white + linewidth(2.0pt)); draw((0.5,1.07735026918)--(0,0.7886752),white + linewidth(2.0pt)); draw((0.5,1.07735026918)--(0,0.7886752),black+dashed+linewidth(2.0pt)); [/asy]

$(\textbf{A})\: 75\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 93\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 96\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 129\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 147$

Solution

Problem 19

Let $N$ be the positive integer $7777\ldots777$, a $313$-digit number where each digit is a $7$. Let $f(r)$ be the leading digit of the $r{ }$th root of $N$. What is\[f(2) + f(3) + f(4) + f(5)+ f(6)?\]$(\textbf{A})\: 8\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 9\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 11\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 22\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 29$

Solution

Problem 20

In a particular game, each of $4$ players rolls a standard $6{ }$-sided die. The winner is the player who rolls the highest number. If there is a tie for the highest roll, those involved in the tie will roll again and this process will continue until one player wins. Hugo is one of the players in this game. What is the probability that Hugo's first roll was a $5,$ given that he won the game?

$(\textbf{A})\: \frac{61}{216}\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: \frac{367}{1296}\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: \frac{41}{144}\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: \frac{185}{648}\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: \frac{11}{36}$

Solution

Problem 21

Regular polygons with $5$, $6$, $7$, and $8$ sides are inscribed in the same circle. No two of the polygons share a vertex, and no three of their sides intersect at a common point. At how many points inside the circle do two of their sides intersect?

$(\textbf{A})\: 52\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 56\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 60\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 64\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 68$

Solution

Problem 22

For each integer $n\geq 2$, let $S_n$ be the sum of all products $jk$, where $j$ and $k$ are integers and $1\leq j<k\leq n$. What is the sum of the 10 least values of $n$ such that $S_n$ is divisible by $3$?

$\mathrm{(A)}\ 196 \qquad\mathrm{(B)}\ 197 \qquad\mathrm{(C)}\ 198 \qquad\mathrm{(D)}\ 199 \qquad\mathrm{(E)}\ 200$

Solution

Problem 23

Each of the $5{ }$ sides and the $5{ }$ diagonals of a regular pentagon are randomly and independently colored red or blue with equal probability. What is the probability that there will be a triangle whose vertices are among the vertices of the pentagon such that all of its sides have the same color?

$(\textbf{A})\: \frac23\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: \frac{105}{128}\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: \frac{125}{128}\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: \frac{253}{256}\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 1$

Solution

Problem 24

A cube is constructed from $4$ white unit cubes and $4$ blue unit cubes. How many different ways are there to construct the $2 \times 2 \times 2$ cube using these smaller cubes? (Two constructions are considered the same if one can be rotated to match the other.)

$(\textbf{A})\: 7\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 8\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 9\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 10\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 11$

Solution

Problem 25

A rectangle with side lengths $1{ }$ and $3,$ a square with side length $1,$ and a rectangle $R$ are inscribed inside a larger square as shown. The sum of all possible values for the area of $R$ can be written in the form $\tfrac mn$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. What is $m+n?$

[asy] size(8cm); draw((0,0)--(10,0)); draw((0,0)--(0,10)); draw((10,0)--(10,10)); draw((0,10)--(10,10)); draw((1,6)--(0,9)); draw((0,9)--(3,10)); draw((3,10)--(4,7)); draw((4,7)--(1,6)); draw((0,3)--(1,6)); draw((1,6)--(10,3)); draw((10,3)--(9,0)); draw((9,0)--(0,3)); draw((6,13/3)--(10,22/3)); draw((10,22/3)--(8,10)); draw((8,10)--(4,7)); draw((4,7)--(6,13/3)); label("$3$",(9/2,3/2),N); label("$3$",(11/2,9/2),S); label("$1$",(1/2,9/2),E); label("$1$",(19/2,3/2),W); label("$1$",(1/2,15/2),E); label("$1$",(3/2,19/2),S); label("$1$",(5/2,13/2),N); label("$1$",(7/2,17/2),W); label("$R$",(7,43/6),W); [/asy]

$(\textbf{A})\: 14\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 23\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 46\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 59\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 67$

Solution

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